PubMed and Embase were searched from inception to June 2019. These patients tend to be sicker than average, they receive anesthesia medications that can contribute to delirium, they may have a longer hospital stay, and may receive pain medications during their recovery and other drugs that can worsen delirium. Delirium is also very common after surgery, probably because of the stress of surgery, the anesthetics used during surgery, and the pain relievers (analgesics) used after surgery. A literature search was performed using the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Springer databases from inception to February 2019. However, in an alcoholic with thiamine deficiency, administration of intravenous (IV) glucose can precipitate a possibly fatal delirious state of Wernicke-Korsakoff psychosis [25] . Although there have been some studies that investigated postoperative delirium after spine surgery, no useful tool for identifying high-risk patients has been established, and it is unknown if 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) scores can predict postoperative delirium. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. This study was designed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement . Lumbar puncture — During a lumbar puncture, or spinal tap, a clinician uses a needle to remove a sample of spinal fluid from the area around the spinal cord in the low back. Delirium is an acute confused state with alterations in attention and consciousness 31 that develops in 5% to 52% of older patients hospitalized for medical reasons or surgery. Delirium may also develop when people who are about to have surgery do not have access to a substance they have been using, such as a recreational drug, alcohol, or tobacco. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Methods Literature Search. Many reports investigating the risk factors for delirium after spinal surgery have been published recently. 32 The incidences of delirium are 7% to 14% after general surgery, 6,33 21% to 61% after hip surgery, 34 13% to 41% after joint replacement surgery, 9,35 and 7% to 77% after open-heart surgery. Delirium is seen more frequently in surgery patients than the general population of the hospital for multiple reasons. Delirium tremens from alcohol withdrawal is dramatic and readily identifiable. Several tests are done on the fluid to determine if an infection (such as meningitis or encephalitis) could be causing delirium, and if so, which antibiotic treatment is best. The goal of the present study is to systematically review the risk factors for delirium after spinal surgery and, when possible, conduct a meta-analysis of these factors. Studies which reported the prevalence and risk factors of POD after spinal surgery were included. Postoperative delirium is common in older patients after spinal surgery. Post Operative Cognitive Dysfunction and Delirium After Spinal Surgery The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Postoperative delirium (POD) was common after spinal surgery, but the main findings in previous studies remained conflicting. Delirium caused by withdrawal of alcohol or hypnotics may ensue 12-48 h after surgery. Background The clinical features of postoperative delirium are similar to the core features of alpha synuclein-related cognitive disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD) or dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Postoperative delirium is a significant complication following surgery and can result in both a functional decline of the individual as well as a longer hospitalisation. Post Operative Cognitive Dysfunction and Delirium After Spinal Surgery The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators.

This current meta-analysis was aimed at exploring the prevalence and risk factors of POD after spinal surgery. Postoperative delirium is a common complication in the elderly after surgery but few papers have reported after spinal surgery. Postoperative delirium also increases the individual’s risk of developing other complications whilst in hospital, including falls and aspiration pneumonia (Robinson & Eiseman 2008).