A number of small dams in the Pacific Northwest that block salmon migration have been removed or are being considered for removal. However, though a salmon hatchery on the Rusha River had been decommissioned, three dams that were constructed to protect the hatchery remained and were still impeding the migration of salmon to their spawning grounds and negatively impacting stream habitat. Saving Salmon by Demolishing Dams on the Elwha River The Elwha River restoration back to its natural state was the largest dam removal project in U.S. history. Condit Dam, at river kilometer 5.3 on the White Salmon River, Washington, was breached in 2011 and completely removed in 2012. According to American Rivers, a river conservation group, more than 450 dams have been removed since 1999. Klamath River fish are genetically distinguishable from all fish in the Central Valley, including those that are below the dams where the Klamath River fish are reproducing. Today, after decades of decline due overwhelmingly to the 130 or so dams in the basin, only some 1.5 million salmon and steelhead enter the Columbia each year, and around three-quarters of these are hatchery-reared, rather than wild, river-spawned fish. Mixing out-of-basin and local salmon will lead to reduced genetic diversity, which makes populations less resilient . How a Dying River Came Roaring Back to Life. The four mainstem federal hydropower dams sitting smack in the middle of the lower Snake River have blocked 70% of the remaining accessible spawning and rearing habitat for chinook and steelhead, extinguished at least $150 million/year in salmon and steelhead fishery economic benefits, and turned fishing ports in the lower Columbia nearly into a ghost towns. Since the removal of two dams on the Elwha River in the Pacific Northwest, salmon are spawning once again, animals large and small are returning to the river banks, and hundreds of acres of barren former lakebed are greening. By 1938, the Grand Coulee dam blocked the salmon’s access to the upper third of the river where they migrated to reproduce. It is fish and the dams’ impact on them, especially salmon, that triggered the meeting—one of 15 the agencies held throughout the Columbia River Basin. This action opened habitat to migratory fish for the first time in 100 years. By 1938, the Grand Coulee dam blocked the salmon’s access to the upper third of the river where they migrated to reproduce. In 2017 alone, 86 dams were removed. The Snake River dams have fish ladders, but the salmon can get bottlenecked at the dam before they are swept into the ladder, and many get picked off by birds or other predators, Townsend said. In 1933, the Fish Commission of Oregon estimated that dams had cut off about half of the salmon spawning habitat within the Columbia River Basin. Most of these dams do not involve salmon … On the Northwest’s Snake River, the Case for Dam Removal Grows As renewable energy becomes cheaper than hydropower and the presence of dams worsens the plight of salmon, pressure is mounting in the Pacific Northwest to take down four key dams on the lower Snake River that critics say have outlived their usefulness. A new generation of salmon species, some of which are endangered, are now present in the river. In 1933, the Fish Commission of Oregon estimated that dams had cut off about half of the salmon spawning habitat within the Columbia River Basin.
But from 1900 to 1930, around 100 dams were raised along the river system. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Bureau of Reclamation, and Bonneville Power Administration each have a role in managing the 14 federal dams on the Columbia River system. It was completed on August 26, 2014.
The removal of larger hydroelectric dams, such as those on the lower Snake River, has been very controversial and currently is not being considered as an option. But from 1900 to 1930, around 100 dams were raised along the river system. “In my last visit in 2013, they made very minor modifications,” Rand said. The Snake River Salmon Recovery Team underscored this theme in its March 1995 Proposed Recovery Plan for Snake River Salmon. Some hope that the restoration of the Elwha River will become a …
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